EarlyMonkey

Rupp, Adolph

2005-11-18T20:05:00.000-08:00

Rupp grew up on a Kansas farm and was hardly aware of basketball until he went to college. He was a member of the University of Kansas (Lawrence) Big Eight Conference championship team of 1923. After coaching five years

Abbott, Sir John

2005-08-08T21:50:00.000-07:00

Educated at McGill University, Montreal, Abbott became a lawyer in 1847 and was made queen's counsel in 1862. He served as dean of the McGill faculty of law from 1855 to 1880. He was elected to the Legislative Assembly of the then-united province of Canada in 1857 and

India, Coastal areas

2005-07-27T19:40:00.000-07:00

Most of the coast of India flanks the Eastern and Western Ghats. In the northwest, however, much of coastal Gujarat lies to the northwest of the Western Ghats, extending around the Gulf of Khambhat (Cambay) and into the salt marshes of the Kathiawar and Kachchh (Kutch) peninsulas. These tidal marshes include the Great Rann of Kachchh along the border with Pakistan and the Little

Pacific Islands Forum

2005-07-26T01:10:00.000-07:00

Formerly (1971–2000) South Pacific Forum organization established in 1971 to provide a setting for heads of government to discuss common issues and problems facing the independent and self-governing states of the South Pacific. Headquartered in Suva, Fiji, the Forum includes Australia, the Cook Islands, the Federated States of Micronesia, Fiji, Kiribati, Nauru, New Zealand, Niue, Palau, Papua New Guinea, the Solomon

Iron Processing

2005-07-23T13:45:00.000-07:00

Iron (Fe) is a relatively dense metal with a silvery white appearance and distinctive magnetic properties. It constitutes 5 percent by weight of the Earth's crust, and it is the

Aalto, Alvar

2005-07-08T11:05:00.000-07:00

Aalto's architectural studies at the Technical Institute of Helsinki in Otaniemi, Fin., were interrupted by the Finnish War of Independence, in which he participated. Following his graduation in 1921, Aalto toured Europe and upon his return began practice in Jyväskylä, in central Finland. In 1927 he moved his office to Turku, where he worked in association with Erik Bryggman

Hadhramaut

2005-07-06T15:30:00.000-07:00

Also spelled Hadramout, Arabic Hadramawt, region in east-central Yemen, on the Gulf of Aden. The region comprises a hilly area near the coast and an inland valley occupied by a seasonal watercourse, the Wadi Hadramawt, that runs parallel to the coast before turning southeastward to reach the sea. In its lower reaches this watercourse achieves a year-round flow and is called Wadi Masilah. At higher elevations in

Brecon Beacons National Park

2005-06-30T17:20:00.000-07:00

Welsh Parc Cenedlaethol Bannau Brycheiniog national park in southern Wales, occupying 519 square miles (1,344 square km) of mountains, moors, forests, pastureland, lakes, and the broad Usk valley. The easternmost highlands in the park are the Black Mountains (old red sandstone) of Powys county, lying east of the River Usk between Abergavenny and Hay-on-Wye, with their highest point at Waun Fach, elevation 2,660 feet (811 metres). Centrally

Fustel De Coulanges, Numa Denis

2005-06-22T23:45:00.000-07:00

After studying at the École Normale Supérieure, he was sent to the French school at Athens in 1853 and directed some excavations at Chios. From 1860 to 1870 he was professor of history at the faculty of letters at the University of Strasbourg, where he had a

Radar, Transmitter power and antenna size

2005-06-16T08:55:00.000-07:00

The maximum range of a radar system depends in large part on the average power of its transmitter and the physical size of its antenna. (In technical terms, this is the power-aperture product.) There are practical limits to each. As noted before, some radar systems have an average power of roughly one megawatt. Phased-array radars about 100 feet in diameter are not uncommon;

Christensen, Willam

2005-06-03T17:40:00.000-07:00

Christensen studied with the great ballet master and reformer Michel Fokine. He performed in vaudeville with his brothers before joining the San Francisco Opera Ballet as

Yudenich, Nikolay

2005-06-01T00:30:00.000-07:00

Having entered the Imperial Army in 1879, Yudenich graduated from the General Staff Academy in 1887, served on the General Staff from 1887 until 1902, and then became a regimental commander. After participating in the Russo-Japanese War (1904–05), he was promoted

Steichen, Edward

2005-05-18T03:35:00.000-07:00

Pioneer of American photography who, with Alfred Stieglitz, was a leader of the Photo-Secession Group. His style evolved from painterly impressionism to a sharp realism after World War I. His portraits of artists and celebrities from the 1920s and '30s are remarkable evocations of character. In 1955 he organized the “Family of Man” exhibition

Calendar Of 1998

2005-05-16T08:55:00.000-07:00

The tax-evasion case against Webster L. Hubbell, longtime friend of Pres. Bill Clinton who is believed to hold incriminating evidence against

Owens, Jesse

2005-05-14T06:45:00.000-07:00

As a student in a Cleveland,

Ashbourne

2005-03-15T13:52:00.000-08:00

Town (�parish�), Derbyshire Dales district, administrative and historic county of Derbyshire, England. Ashbourne is a centre for the surrounding agricultural districts and for tourists visiting nearby Dovedale and the Manyfold Valley. Its buildings include the Church of St. Oswald, dating from 1241 and possessing an octagonal spire (212 feet [65 metres]). The oldest of the famous

Carlinville

2005-03-14T13:39:00.000-08:00

City, seat (1829) of Macoupin county, southwestern Illinois, U.S. The first white settlement on the site, in an area known as Black Hawk hunting ground (frequented by Sauk, Fox, and Kickapoo Indians), was made in about 1815. The community was named for Gov. Thomas Carlin. A notable feature is the �million-dollar� county courthouse (1870), an imposing domed limestone structure, the construction

Craft Union

2005-03-11T04:56:00.000-08:00

Trade union combining workers who are engaged in a particular craft or skill but who may work for various employers and at various locations. Formed to improve wage levels and working conditions, craft unions were established in Britain and the United States in the middle of the 19th century. They derive their power from their control over the supply of skilled

Muhly

2005-03-04T15:24:00.000-08:00

Most muhlys are perennials, and all species have only one floret on each branch,

Aquitaine

2005-03-03T11:37:00.000-08:00

In Julius Caesar's description of Gaul, �Aquitania� was an area extending from the Pyrenees to the Garonne River. The Roman

Mercury Processing, Secondary mercury

2005-03-02T17:12:00.000-08:00

Significant quantities of mercury have been reclaimed from dental amalgams, oxide and acetate sludges, and battery scrap. Virtually all the metal can be recovered from scrapped mercury cells, mercury boilers, electrical apparatuses, and control instruments.

Pack Ice

2005-03-01T21:10:00.000-08:00

Floating mass of ice formed from seawater in the Earth's polar regions. Pack ice expands during winter to cover about 5 percent of the northern oceans and 8 percent of the southern oceans. When melting occurs in spring and summer, the margins of the pack ice retreat.

Astrakhan

2005-02-28T02:56:00.000-08:00

Formerly �Khadzhi-tarkhan, � city and administrative centre of Astrakhan oblast (province), southwestern Russia. Astrakhan city is situated in the delta of the Volga River, 60 miles (100 km) from the Caspian Sea. It lies on several islands on the left bank of the main, westernmost channel of the Volga. Astrakhan was formerly the capital of a Tatar khanate, a remnant of the Golden Horde, located on the higher

Astrakhan

2005-02-27T09:16:00.000-08:00

The C

Art For Art's Sake

2005-02-26T10:14:00.000-08:00

A slogan translated from the French l'art pour l'art, which was coined in the early 19th century by the French philosopher Victor Cousin. The phrase expresses the belief held by many writers and artists, especially those associated with Aestheticism, that art needs no justification, that it need serve no political, didactic, or other end.

Tall Za'tar

2005-02-25T06:25:00.000-08:00

Also called �Za�tar, � former Palestinian refugee camp, Jabal Lubnan muhafazah (governorate), central Lebanon, north of Beirut, near Nabay. The camp was the last large Muslim outpost in the midst of the predominantly Christian inhabited area of north Lebanon and had a population estimated at 15,000 in the mid-1970s. During the Lebanese civil war (that began in the spring of 1975) between Muslims and Christians,

Rouault, Georges

2005-02-24T23:29:00.000-08:00

Rouault was born in a cellar in Paris during a bombardment of the city by the forces opposed to the Commune. His father was a cabinetmaker. A grandfather

Colbert, Claudette

2005-02-23T08:13:00.000-08:00

Colbert moved with her family to New York City about 1910. While studying fashion design, she landed a small role in the Broadway play The Wild Westcotts (1923) after

Ijssel River

2005-02-22T21:03:00.000-08:00

River of The Netherlands, an important distributary of the Rhine River. It leaves the Lower Rhine (Neder Rijn) just southeast of Arnhem and flows northeastward for 70 miles (113 km) to enter the IJsselmeer (a lake formed from the old Zuiderzee) between the Northeast (Noordoost) and East Flevoland polders. The river is navigable and slow-moving and deposits much silt. Zutphen,

Segovia Aqueduct

2005-02-21T03:34:00.000-08:00

Byname �El Puente (Spanish: �The Bridge�),� water-conveyance structure built under the Roman emperor Trajan (reigned AD 98 - 117) and still in use; it carries water 10 miles (16 km) from the Fr�o River to the city of Segovia, Spain. One of the best-preserved Roman engineering works, it was built of some 24,000 dark-coloured Guadarrama granite blocks without the use of mortar. The aboveground portion is 2,388 feet (728 metres) long and consists of some

Abel, Niels Henrik

2005-02-20T09:29:00.000-08:00

Abel's father was a poor Lutheran minister who moved his family to the parish of Gjerstad, near the town of Ris�r in southeast Norway, soon after Niels Henrik was born. In 1815 Niels entered the cathedral school

Femur

2005-02-19T01:59:00.000-08:00

Also called �thighbone� upper bone of the leg or hindleg. The head forms a ball-and-socket joint with the hip (at the acetabulum), being held in place by a ligament (ligamentum teres femoris) within the socket and by strong surrounding ligaments. In humans the neck of the femur connects the shaft and head at a 125� angle, which is efficient for walking. A prominence

Osasco

2005-02-18T22:49:00.000-08:00

City, southeastern S�o Paulo estado (�state�), Brazil. Located at 2,360 feet (720 m) above sea level, Osasco lies along the Tiet� River. It is 12 miles (20 km) northwest of S�o Paulo city, the state capital, and is part of its metropolitan area. Osasco has experienced extremely rapid growth owing to the increasing concentration of heavy industry in the suburban regions of S�o Paulo, bringing

Middleton, Arthur

2005-02-17T20:52:00.000-08:00

After completing his education in England, Middleton returned to South Carolina in 1763 and was elected to the colonial legislature. In 1775 - 76 he was a member of the Council

Kadare, Ismail

2005-02-16T18:49:00.000-08:00

Albanian poet and novelist Ismail Kadare, a resident of Paris since 1990, was hard at work in 1997 revising his collected works, which were being published--some for the first time--in both French and Albanian. His 1978 historical novel Ura me tri harqe was translated into English as The Three-Arched Bridge (1991) and received critical acclaim. Kadare's self-imposed exile brought him a freedom

Argentina, The Videla regime and the Dirty War

2005-02-15T16:38:00.000-08:00

Five days after the coup a three-man military junta filled the presidency with Lieutenant General Jorge Rafa�l Videla. The junta closed Congress, imposed censorship, banned trade unions, and brought state and municipal government under military control. Meanwhile Videla initiated the infamous Process of National Reorganization, known subsequently as the

Argentina, The Videla regime and the Dirty War

2005-02-14T20:12:00.000-08:00

'abbadid Dynasty

2005-02-13T09:06:00.000-08:00

In 1023 the qadi (religious judge) Abu al-Qasim Muhammad ibn 'Abbad declared Sevilla independent of C�rdoba. His son Abu 'Amr 'Abbad, known as al-Mu'tadid (1042 - 69), greatly enlarged his territory by forcibly

Lancaster

2005-02-12T05:55:00.000-08:00

Lancaster grew on the site of a Roman station, and traces of the Roman fortification walls remain. In the 11th century a feudal landowner, Roger of Poitou, founded or enlarged a castle on an eminence there and also

Distortion

2005-02-11T19:40:00.000-08:00

In acoustics and electronics, any change in a signal that alters the basic waveform or the relationship between various frequency components; it is usually a degradation of the signal. Straight amplification or attenuation without alteration of the waveform is not usually considered to be distortion. Amplitude distortion refers to unequal amplification

Boii

2005-02-10T09:21:00.000-08:00

A Celtic tribe, one section of which settled in Cisalpine Gaul around Bononia (Bologna, Italy) and another in what was later Bohemia, to which it gave its name. The Cisalpine group, after struggling against the Romans throughout the 3rd century BC, was subdued and made a Latin colony in 191 BC. The second group, which joined with another Celtic tribe, the Helvetii, to invade Gaul, was

Lupine

2005-02-09T02:34:00.000-08:00

The

Madagascar, Plant and animal life

2005-02-08T06:39:00.000-08:00

Much of the island was once covered with evergreen and deciduous forest, but little now remains except on the eastern escarpment and in scattered pockets in the west. The plateau is particularly denuded and suffers seriously from erosion. The forest has been cut in order to clear rice fields, to obtain fuel and building materials, and to export valuable timber, such

Magnoliales

2005-02-07T16:08:00.000-08:00

Magnolia order of dicotyledonous flowering plants, a division of the subclass Magnoliidae. The order, which is generally regarded as including the most primitive angiosperms, contains 10 families, 181 genera, and about 3,050 species. All are woody shrubs, climbers, or trees. The families are Winteraceae, Degeneriaceae, Himantandraceae, Eupomatiaceae, Austrobaileyaceae, Magnoliaceae,

Guchkov, Aleksandr Ivanovich

2005-02-06T19:55:00.000-08:00

The son of a wealthy Moscow merchant, Guchkov studied at the universities of Moscow and Berlin, traveled widely, fought against the British in the South African (Boer) War (1899 - 1902), and headed the Russian Red Cross during the Russo-Japanese

Saxony

2005-02-05T21:03:00.000-08:00

German �Sachsen, � Land (state), eastern Germany. Saxony Land was re-created in the process of the reunification of East with West Germany in 1990 from the former East German Bezirke (districts) of Dresden, Chemnitz (formerly Karl-Marx-Stadt), and most of Leipzig, along with a small part of Cottbus Bezirk. The East German Bezirke had themselves been created in 1952 from historic Saxony. The current territory

Salem

2005-02-04T22:27:00.000-08:00

Town, north-central Tamil Nadu state, southeastern India. It is on the Tirumanimuttar River near Attur Gap between the Kalrayan and Pachamalai hills. Situated at the junction of the Bangalore, Tiruchchirappalli, and Cuddalore roads, 200 miles (332 km) southwest of Madras, the town's name derives from sela nad (a corruption of cera nad), a term denoting the visit of an early Cera king. Well-known

Znojmo

2005-02-03T21:34:00.000-08:00

German �Znaim, � city, Jihomoravsk� kraj (region), Czech Republic, on the Dyje River, southwest of Brno, near the Austrian border. It originated in the 11th century as a fortified residence and was the stronghold of the Premyslid princes until the mid-13th century. Many medieval buildings, as well as houses of the Renaissance and Baroque periods, are preserved in the old town, which is designated

Binchois, Gilles

2005-02-02T23:03:00.000-08:00

Binchois was in Paris in 1424 serving William de la Pole, earl of Suffolk, and returned with him to Hainaut in 1425. In 1430 Binchois joined the chapel of Philip III

Tasmania, Soils

2005-02-01T04:49:00.000-08:00

Most Tasmanian soils are leached, acidic, poorly drained, high in humus, and low in fertility. Least fertile and most extensive are the soils, especially the moor peats, of the west and northeast. Fertile areas occur extensively in the northwest and locally elsewhere, notably in the northeast. Brown earths occupy the drier areas east of the Central Plateau; black earths,

Venerable

2005-01-31T18:13:00.000-08:00

Latin �Venerabilis, � title or respectful form of address, used from very early times in Europe, especially for certain clergy or for laymen of marked spiritual merit. St. Augustine in some epistles cited the term in reference to bishops, and Philip I of France was styled venerabilis and venerandus (�reverential�). The venerable by which Saint Bede is commonly known (�the Venerable Bede,� or �Bede

Viscount

2005-01-30T14:59:00.000-08:00

In the Carolingian period of European history, the vicecomites, or missi comitis, were deputies, vicars, or lieutenants of the counts, whose official powers they exercised by delegation. As the countships eventually became hereditary, the lieutenancies did as well: for instance, in France the

Viscount

2005-01-29T01:26:00.000-08:00

Small to medium-sized herbivorous dinosaurs that flourished about 115 million to 110 million years ago during the Early Cretaceous Period. Hypsilophodon was up to 2 metres (6.5 feet) long and weighed about 60 kg (130 pounds). It had short arms with five fingers on each hand and was equipped with much longer four-toed hind feet. In its mouth was a set of high, grooved, self-sharpening cheek

Trailok

2005-01-28T20:38:00.000-08:00

Trailok's father, King Borommaracha II (1424 - 48), named him heir apparent in 1438, and even as a small boy he was named the king's deputy in the important northern

Lena River, Plant and animal life

2005-01-27T17:22:00.000-08:00

The vegetation of the Lena valley corresponds to the natural zones across which the river flows. The main part of the river basin is covered with taiga (swampy northern coniferous forest); in the lower reaches are found tundra and scattered forest. Spruce, cedar, birch, and poplar predominate in the moister regions. In the central valley there are some expanses of steppe

Lena River, Plant and animal life

2005-01-26T00:55:00.000-08:00

Grable, Betty

2005-01-25T22:11:00.000-08:00

Grable was set on the road to stardom by her mother,

China, Economic policy changes

2005-01-24T08:49:00.000-08:00

In the late fall of 1976, the CCP leadership tried to bring some order to the country through a series of national conferences. They moved quickly to appeal to workers' interests by reinstating wage bonuses. The economy had stagnated in 1976 largely because of political turmoil, and Mao's successors were anxious to start things moving again. Despite some uncertainty, Deng was

Perched Rock

2005-01-23T10:47:00.000-08:00

Also called �Mushroom Rock, or Pedestal Rock, � boulder balanced on a pinnacle rock, another boulder, or in some other precarious position. Some perched rocks form in place, as where rainwash (and in some cases wind) has removed fine material from around the boulder. Others may be transported by tectonic forces (involved in deformation of the Earth's crust) or by ice (such as erratics, or glacier transports) and let down

Abyssal Zone

2005-01-22T17:25:00.000-08:00

Portion of the ocean deeper than about 2,000 m (6,600 feet) and shallower than about 6,000 m (20,000 feet). The zone is defined mainly by its extremely uniform environmental conditions, as reflected in the distinct life forms inhabiting it. The upper boundary between the abyssal zone and the overlying bathyal zone is conveniently defined as the depth at which the water temperature is 4� C (39� F); this

Seth, Vikram

2005-01-21T20:00:00.000-08:00

The son of a judge and a businessman, Seth was raised in London and India. He attended exclusive Indian schools and then graduated from Corpus Christi College, Oxford (B.A., 1975). He received a master's degree in economics from Stanford University

Arabia, History Of, The Zaydis and 'Alawis

2005-01-20T14:08:00.000-08:00

In the mid-10th century a refugee from disturbances in Iraq, Ahmad

Berdyansk

2005-01-19T20:53:00.000-08:00

Also spelled �Berdiansk, �formerly �(1939 - 58) Osipenko, � city and port, Zaporizhzhya oblast (province), southeastern Ukraine. It lies along the Berdyansk Gulf of the Sea of Azov. Founded in 1827, the city is a holiday and health resort. Its industries include engineering, oil processing, flour milling, and fishing. Pop. (1991 est.) 138,700.

Habsburg, House Of

2005-01-18T22:59:00.000-08:00

The War of the Austrian Succession cost Maria Theresa most of Silesia, part of Lombardy, and the duchies of Parma and Piacenza (Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle, 1748) but left her in possession of the rest of her father's hereditary lands. Moreover, her husband, Francis Stephen of Lorraine, who in 1737 had become hereditary grand duke of Tuscany, was finally recognized as Holy Roman emperor,

France, History Of, Recovery and reunification, 1429 - 83

2005-01-17T13:00:00.000-08:00

The coronation of Charles VII was the last pivotal event of the Hundred Years' War. From Reims the king's army moved on triumphantly, winning capitulations from Laon, Soissons, and many lesser places and even threatening Paris before disbanding. The popular devotion to monarchy that had produced Joan was undermining English positions almost everywhere in France;

Biblical Literature, Greek versions

2005-01-16T22:51:00.000-08:00

The first New Testament was done by Maximus of Gallipoli in 1638 (at Geneva?). The British

Smith, Red

2005-01-15T13:35:00.000-08:00

Byname of �Walter Wellesley Smith� American sports columnist whose literary craftsmanship, humorous and iconoclastic approach, and deep knowledge of sports made him one of the United States' most popular sportswriters. His columns were literate, and he shunned the jargon of the genre. His popularity persisted nevertheless, and his work profoundly influenced

Damsel Bug

2005-01-14T06:41:00.000-08:00

Each foreleg of the damsel bug is slightly thickened and has a double row of

Wadgaon, Convention Of

2005-01-13T09:52:00.000-08:00

The compact was concluded after a British expedition, commanded by Colonel William Cockburn and controlled by Colonel

China, Philosophy and religion

2005-01-12T07:46:00.000-08:00

Taoism and Buddhism by Ming times had declined into ill-organized popular religions, and what organization they had was regulated by the state. State espousal of Chu Hsi thought, and state repression of noted early Ming litterateurs, such as the poet Kao Ch'i and the thinker Fang Hsiao-ju, made for widespread philosophical conformity during the 15th century. This was

Jewish Daily Forward

2005-01-11T13:17:00.000-08:00

The Forward was founded in 1897 by the Jewish Socialist Press Federation as a civic aid and a cohesive device for Jewish immigrants from Europe. It quickly became the leading Yiddish-language newspaper in the United States. Under the guidance of Abraham Cahan, who was

Jewish Daily Forward

2005-01-10T09:01:00.000-08:00

Jewish Daily Forward

2005-01-09T01:45:00.000-08:00

Bacheller, Irving (addison)

2005-01-08T02:10:00.000-08:00

Bacheller graduated from St. Lawrence University, Canton, N.Y., in 1882 and entered journalism. In 1883 in Brooklyn, N.Y., he founded the first modern newspaper syndicate and through

Biblical Literature, The tripartite canon

2005-01-07T09:53:00.000-08:00

The threefold nature of the Hebrew Bible (the Law, the Prophets, and the Writings) is reflected in the literature of the period of the Second Temple (6th - 1st centuries BCE) and soon after it. The earliest reference is that of the Jewish wisdom writer Ben Sira (flourished 180 - 175 BCE), who speaks of �the law of the Most High . . . the wisdom of all the ancients and . . . prophecies.� His grandson (c. 132 BCE) in the prologue

Kymi

2005-01-06T11:02:00.000-08:00

In full� Kymen L��ni, �Swedish �Kymmene L�n, � l��ni (province), southeastern Finland, bounded by the Gulf of Finland (south) and by Russia (east). The province has a land area of 4,145 square miles (10,736 square km) and includes the southern section of the Saimaa lake system, which is drained by the Kymijoki and Vuoksi rivers. Kymijoki valley industries include timber processing and wood products, iron and steel, textile milling,

Epistemology, Immanuel Kant

2005-01-05T22:18:00.000-08:00

Idealism is often defined as the view that everything which exists is mental; that is, everything is either a mind or depends for its existence upon a mind, as do ideas and thinking. Immanuel Kant (1724 - 1804) was not strictly an idealist according to this definition, although he called himself a �transcendental idealist.� On his view, humans can know only what is presented to their

Frederick Louis, Prince Of Wales

2005-01-04T06:48:00.000-08:00

After his grandfather became king of Great Britain as George I in 1714, Frederick was betrothed to Wilhelmina Sophia Dorothea,

Clostridium

2005-01-03T02:48:00.000-08:00

Genus of rod-shaped, usually gram-positive bacteria, members of which are found in soil, water, and the intestinal tracts of humans and other animals. Most species grow only in the complete absence of oxygen. Dormant cells are highly resistant to heat, dessication, and toxic chemicals and detergents. The species are variable in size. A typical species, C. butyricum, ranges

Performing Arts, France.

2005-01-02T04:15:00.000-08:00

World War II was recalled in several films. In Laissez-passer, his film � clef, Bertrand Tavernier re-created the atmosphere of filmmaking in occupied France. G�rard Jugnot directed and starred in the accomplished Monsieur Batignole, about a Gentile butcher who saves a Jewish boy from the Gestapo. The American documentarist Frederick Wiseman filmed Catherine

Moscicki, Ignacy

2005-01-01T17:40:00.000-08:00

Moscicki was educated as a chemist. He joined the nationalistic Polish Socialist Party in the early 1890s and was involved in an attempt on the life of the governor-general

Moscicki, Ignacy

2004-12-31T03:59:00.000-08:00

Moscicki was educated as a chemist. He joined the nationalistic Polish Socialist Party in the early 1890s and was involved in an attempt on the life of the governor-general

Popish Plot

2004-12-30T05:55:00.000-08:00

(1678), in English history, a totally fictitious but widely believed plot in which it was alleged that Jesuits were planning the assassination of King Charles II in order to bring his Roman Catholic brother, the Duke of York (afterward King James II), to the throne. The allegations were fabricated by Titus Oates (q.v.), a renegade Anglican clergyman who had feigned conversion

Literary Criticism, The late 19th century

2004-12-29T15:43:00.000-08:00

The Romantic movement had been spurred not only by German philosophy but also by the universalistic and utopian hopes that accompanied the French Revolution. Some of those hopes were thwarted by political reaction, while others were blunted by industrial capitalism and the accession to power of the class that had demanded general liberty. Advocates of the literary

Brum, Baltasar

2004-12-28T18:31:00.000-08:00

Statesman noted for his reform of the educational and welfare systems in Uruguay and for his proposal of an American league of nations. His dedication to democracy was so firm that he committed suicide to protest the suspension of the Uruguayan constitution and assumption of dictatorial powers by President Gabriel

Cumberland Wrestling

2004-12-27T17:30:00.000-08:00

Form of wrestling developed in northern England and southern Scotland, also called the North Country style. The wrestlers stand chest to chest, each grasping the other with locked hands around the body, each opponent's chin on the other's right shoulder. The right arm is placed below and the left above the adversary's. When the hold has been firmly taken, an umpire gives

Adamawa

2004-12-26T18:40:00.000-08:00

Traditional emirate centred in what is now Adamawa state, eastern Nigeria. The emirate was founded by Modibbo Adama, who was one of Sheikh Usman dan Fodio's commanders and who began a Fulani jihad (holy war) in 1809 against the non-Muslim peoples of the region. Adama moved the capital of his kingdom, which was then known as Fumbina, several times before settling it finally in

C�rdoba

2004-12-25T00:57:00.000-08:00

Departamento, northwestern Colombia. It occupies the Caribbean lowlands north of the Andean Cordillera (mountains) Occidental. During most of the colonial period the area was sparsely settled, the original densely settled Indian population having disappeared by the time of the first major Spanish penetration in 1534. Created in 1951, the territory, 9,660 square miles (25,020 square

Hatteras Abyssal Plain

2004-12-24T19:01:00.000-08:00

Submarine plain forming the floor of the northwestern Atlantic Ocean. It lies east of the North American continental shelf between the southern United States and Bermuda, extending about 900 mi (1,450 km) from north to south, with an average width of 300 mi. The plain comprises the western part of the North American Basin and is separated from the Nares Abyssal Plain to the southwest

Agricola, Johann

2004-12-23T07:36:00.000-08:00

Original name �Johann Schneider, Schneider �also spelled �Schnitter, �Latin �Sartor� Lutheran Reformer, friend of Martin Luther, and advocate of antinomianism, a view asserting that Christians are freed by grace from the need to obey the Ten Commandments. At Wittenberg, Agricola was persuaded by Luther to change his course of study from medicine to theology. Increasingly under Luther's influence, Agricola accompanied

Western Africa, Geology

2004-12-22T05:57:00.000-08:00

The crystalline rocks, collectively referred to as the West African shield or craton, comprise three main types of rock assemblage. The basement

Scandinavian Literature, Icelandic

2004-12-21T23:00:00.000-08:00

Modern Icelandic prose writing did not really develop until the late 1870s, when a group of young men, influenced by the theories of the Danish critic Georg Brandes, began their literary careers. Unfortunately, they had absorbed Brandes' ideas uncritically, which resulted in introspective, self-pitying works believed by their authors to be realistically written. The

Duck Mountain

2004-12-20T03:49:00.000-08:00

Plateau in southwestern Manitoba, Canada, forming the highest part of the Manitoba Escarpment. It extends southeastward from the Saskatchewan border for 50 miles (80 km), culminating in Baldy Mountain (2,730 feet [832 m]), 36 miles northwest of Dauphin. A large part of the plateau is embraced by Duck Mountain Provincial Park, established in 1962 to preserve the region's dense forests, numerous

Biblical Literature, The Acts of the Apostles

2004-12-19T21:05:00.000-08:00

As indicated by both its introduction and its theological plan (see The Gospel According to Luke), Acts is the second of a two-volume work compiled by the author of Luke. Both volumes are dedicated to Theophilus (presumably an imperial official), and its contents are divided into periods. In the Gospel, Luke describes first the end of the old dispensation and then the earthly

Avon

2004-12-18T17:10:00.000-08:00

Region and former administrative county, southwestern England, bordering the Severn estuary and the Bristol Channel. The region comprises parts of the historic counties of Gloucestershire and Somerset to the north and south, respectively. It is divided administratively into the following unitary authorities: Bath and North East Somerset, the city of Bristol

Dietrich Von Bern

2004-12-17T15:22:00.000-08:00

Dietrich's exploits are related in a number of south German songs preserved in Das Heldenbuch (�The Heroes Book�) - including Dietrichs Flucht (�Dietrich's Flight�), Die Rabenschlacht (�The Battle of Ravenna�), Alpharts Tod (�Alphart's Death�), and a number

Mycosis

2004-12-16T00:03:00.000-08:00

Plural �Mycoses,� in humans and domestic animals, a disease caused by any fungus that invades the tissues, causing superficial, subcutaneous, or systemic disease. Superficial fungal infections, also called dermatophytosis, are confined to the skin and are caused by Microsporum, Trichophyton, or Epidermophyton; athlete's foot, for example, is caused by Trichophyton or Epidermophyton

D�

2004-12-15T20:13:00.000-08:00

City, North Rhine-Westphalia Land (state), western Germany. It lies along the Ruhr River, on the northeastern slopes of the Eifel Hills. A Frankish settlement first mentioned in 748, it grew from the Villa Duria of Pippin III the Short, the king of the Franks. It was subsequently the seat of diets and synods under Charlemagne and the base for several of his Saxon campaigns. After

Arnold, Thomas

2004-12-14T17:13:00.000-08:00

Thomas Arnold was educated at Winchester and at Corpus Christi College, Oxford. He was elected a fellow of Oriel College, Oxford, in 1815. After ordination and

Mitchell, W.o.

2004-12-13T17:06:00.000-08:00

Mitchell received favourable notice for his first novel, Who Has Seen the Wind? (1947), a sensitive picture of a grim prairie town seen from the point of view of a small boy. Mitchell's Jake and the Kid (1961) was later developed